The use of evening primrose oil is still experimental, but the research is very promising. It is not necessarily curative by any means, especially in diseases such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, but it may be helpful in reducing symptoms and/or in preventing further complications. I have recently become more enthusiastic about the use of gamma-linolenic acid because of the results my patients have been experiencing. Many people with arthritis pain, premenstrual syndrome and breast symptoms, skin disorders, and some allergies have had a good response, especially when GLA is used in combination with vitamin E and beta-carotene.

Side effects from the use of evening primrose oil are almost nonexistent. Some nausea may be experienced initially because of the oils, but this can be avoided if it is taken with food. Mild skin rashes or acne can occur occasionally; otherwise, no problems have been noticed.

The recommended amount of evening primrose oil is between 500–1,000 mg., taken two or three times daily, with possibly higher doses (4–6 grams daily) in problems such as arthritis, asthma, or eczema. Most good primrose oils contain about 35–40 mg. of GLA per 500 mg. capsule; thus, we are using a therapeutic amount of 150–250 mg. GLA daily. Usually, I suggest a good-quality vitamin E, particularly for the premenstrual and breast problems, and specifically the active d-alpha tocopheral in one or two dosages of 400 IUs each to act with the GLA.

We should follow this interesting nutrient closely in the upcoming years. Other recently available sources of gamma-linoleic acid include black currant seed and borage seed oils, which can be even more concentrated in GLA than primrose, producing similar effects with less capsules and expense. Though these sources have not been evaluated as extensively as EPO, they may be good substitutes.